A growing number of Indians, particularly children under the age of 5, are affected by
micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, iodine, folate, and calcium. While macronutrients
like proteins and fats are crucial for the body’s energy needs, micronutrients play an essential
role in overall health.
The most widespread deficiencies in India are those of iron and vitamin B12, affecting a
significant portion of preschool children and pregnant women. According to Dr. Narayana
Murthy M K, a Bangalore-based anesthesiologist and honorary consultant at the Sri Sathya
Sai Annapoorna Trust, children under the age of 5 are especially prone to micronutrient
deficiencies, which can lead to various developmental issues.
“These deficiencies can lead to serious health complications such as impaired cognitive and
physical development, increased vulnerability to infections, and maternal mortality,” Dr.
Murthy explained. He further noted that the rapid growth and development in children under
5 increase their nutritional needs, making them particularly vulnerable to deficiencies.
Currently, more than half of Indian children under 5 suffer from malnutrition.
Earlier this year, Women and Child Development Minister Annapurna Devi revealed Poshan
Tracker data for June 2024, which indicated that of the 8.57 crore children under the age of 6
measured, 17% were underweight, 36% were stunted, and 6% were wasted, indicating
significant nutritional challenges.
Dr. Murthy pointed out that many children’s diets lack the diversity required to meet their
nutritional needs, resulting in insufficient levels of critical nutrients such as iron, vitamin A,
and zinc. Frequent infections, along with limited food intake due to picky eating habits, can
further impair nutrient absorption, exacerbating the risk of deficiencies in this age group.
Despite numerous government efforts, including nutritional programmes, these
deficiencies—often referred to as “hidden hunger”—continue to persist, particularly among
the most vulnerable populations.
To address these challenges, Dr. Murthy suggested a multifaceted approach, including
improved dietary diversity, food fortification (adding nutrients like iron, vitamin A, and zinc
to food), and targeted supplementation in high-risk areas. Additionally, health education for
parents and caregivers can encourage balanced diets and healthier eating habits. He
emphasized the importance of regular health checkups and improving access to resources to
help reduce malnutrition rates in India.
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