Urbanization: A Shift with Health Challenges
Urbanization represents a transformative shift for society, bringing both opportunities and
challenges. During periods of rapid transformation and development, public health often
faces significant challenges. In India, the swift pace of urbanization and economic growth has
led to an increase in chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic
syndrome. The diabetes epidemic has even reached rural areas experiencing socioeconomic
development and urbanization. Reports from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
indicate that diabetes poses a considerable threat to households nationwide. With lifestyle
changes and urbanization fueling the diabetes epidemic, a dynamic and multifaceted
approach is essential.
Growing Disposable Income and Fast Food Consumption
According to the latest World Bank report, 600 million people—40% of India’s
population—will live in urban areas by 2036, and demographic forecasts predict that India
will be 50% urbanized by 2050. As this urban expansion progresses, the Indian middle class
is becoming more affluent, with increased disposable income altering consumption patterns,
including a rise in fast food intake. The popularity of food delivery apps has surged over the
past decade, particularly among the youth, further contributing to this trend.
Sedentary Lifestyles and Health Risks
Research indicates that rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to more sedentary
lifestyles and higher consumption of calorie-dense, processed foods. This shift has
significantly contributed to the rise in obesity and overweight issues in India between 2005
and 2015. These factors are major risk contributors to the onset, development, and
progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) across all age groups. The challenge of
maintaining a healthy lifestyle is further compounded by the flexibility of working hours and
the integration of work into home environments, enabled by 24/7 connectivity.
Health Issues in Urban Settings
Studies show that among urban Indian men and women without diabetes at age 20, the
lifetime risk of developing diabetes is 64.6% and 55.5%, respectively. Moreover, data
indicates that obese individuals in metropolitan areas may live with diabetes for much of their
remaining lives (around 50% from age 20). Another study highlights a growing epidemic of
type 2 diabetes among young Asians, driven by childhood obesity and high BMI, which
increase the risk of developing the condition in early adulthood. Additionally, social media
and internet platforms are spreading unscientific health advice, promoting unreliable weight
loss methods and slimming trends.
Path to Healthier Living
Despite the wealth of information available, there remains a scarcity of credible,
science-based solutions, particularly in the areas of awareness, treatment, and control (ATC)
for adults. Effective diabetes management requires a consistent and balanced approach. The
lack of accurate information exacerbates the problem. Regular screenings and preventive
measures are vital for early detection and prevention. Prioritizing a balanced diet, sufficient
sleep, and stress management is crucial for overall well-being. Intense workouts are not
sustainable for everyone, and individual calorie tolerance varies significantly. Consulting a
physician is essential for making informed health decisions. Thus, the importance of
awareness and education in improving health management for individuals with diabetes and
excess weight cannot be overstated, as it reduces the risk of additional health complications
and expands treatment options.
